Encyclopedia

Agate	Amazonite	Amber
Amethyst	Ammonit	Aquamarine
Aventurine	Beryl	Bull's eye
Cacholong	Carnelian	Chatoyancy
Сhrysocolla	Сhrysolite	Chrysoprase
Citrine	Coral	Fluorite
Garnet	Hawkeye	Hematite
Hemimorphite	Jadeite	Jasper
Labrador	Larimar	Lazurite
Marcasite	Moonstone	Nacre
Nephrite	Obsidian	Oligoclase
Onyx	Opal	Pearl
Pirit	Prehnite	Rhodochrosite
Rhodonite	Rose Quartz	Sapphirine
Serpentine	Sodalite	Smoky quartz
Tiger's eye	Tourmaline	Turquoise
Variscite	Zoisite

AMETHYST

Amethyst was as expensive as ruby and emerald until the 19th Century, when Brazil’s large deposits were discovered. It was believed to prevent intoxication—amethystos means “not drunk” in ancient Greek. Today, as the most valued quartz variety, amethyst is in demand for designer pieces and mass-market jewelry alike, and its purple to pastel hues retain wide consumer appeal.

AQUAMARINE

Aquamarine’s name comes from the Latin for seawater and it was said to calm waves and keep sailors safe at sea. March’s birthstone was also thought to enhance the happiness of marriages. The best gems combine high clarity with limpid transparency and blue to slightly greenish blue hues. Like many beryls, aquamarine forms large crystals suitable for sizable fashioned gems and carvings.

JASPER

Jasper is an opaque variety of Chalcedony, and is usually associated with brown, yellow, or reddish colors, but may be used to describe other opaque colors of Chalcedony such as dark or mottled green, orange, and black. Jasper is almost always multicolored, with unique color patterns and habits.

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